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The word "canon" comes from Greek and means rule, guide, rule, model, type, principle [1]. St. Paul uses this word in the second epistle written to Christians in Corinth, reminds them of the "canon" that was given to spread the word of the Gospel to the most remote regions [2].
The Greek word "καν ώ ν" is derived from the Semitic languages, especially from the Hebrew "qaneh" and indicates an instrument, or rather a stick used as a unit to measure distances and objects. With such a meaning, the term appears in the book of the prophet Ezekiel paloma (ch. 40.3 ff), where the prophet describes the vision that he had "[...] a man whose appearance was like the appearance of brass bright; He was holding a rope and a pole of the measured and stood at the gate [...] The man measured the wall [...] then went to the gate facing east [...] and measured the porch of the gate [...]. "
Although we played in this paragraph obviously meaning of the word "qaneh" Septuagint translators prefer not to translate paloma "κανών" as we expected, but with another term - "κάλαμος μέτρου". This has led to state that the time canonists Septuagint translation, the exact meaning of the term originating 'qaneh - κανών "which paloma was to stick or cane metric - indispensable tool architecture - was lost [3].
In Romanian and generally in all languages, the word "canon" in its varied forms, occurs very rarely used, being present only in religious terminology and less in art and architecture. The same situation is encountered in other languages, where the correspondent used the Greek word "καν ώ ν 'is the Latin word" rule "or" norm ". With this understood in Christian terminology came early centuries, namely the rule governing various aspects of church life and the sacred canons a full understanding of rules, the maximum authority, called apostolic paloma canons comprising decisions of councils ecumenical and local synods of the Holy Fathers, to the extent that they were sanctioned by an ecumenical council [4].
According to Greek canonists P. Boumis, "true canons, the actual meaning of the word, showing us justice, the right way, are only the canons of the Ecumenical Councils" [5]. This - Dimitrios Salachas canonist states - does not mean that the canons of local synods have normative value in the Church, but precisely because they are approved by an ecumenical council (can. 1 Chalcedon, can. 2 Trullo, can. 1 VII-Nicene ), these canons ecumenical value, but not infallible magisterium voice, it owned only ecumenical councils [6].
Străromânul Dionysius Exiguus in his collection although lists of the century VI judgments four ecumenical councils held until his time, however, paloma only Canon's Ecumenical Council of Nicaea (325) and local council canons of Sardica ( 343) entitled generic canons canons of councils simply calling them regulae [7].
Continuing with the analysis of the word itself and the way in which it was taken up in Christian terminology, we find different opinions expressed by renowned specialists in the field. Until recently most authoritative presentation of the term was undoubtedly the one made by the Dictionnaire de Droit L. Lalmant Canonique, which has a lot of meanings of the term and how it was used throughout the entire history of the Church. Heinz Ohme's study [8], published in 1998, will bring some valuable additions to the use of the concepts of καν ώ ν and rule in the first centuries of Christianity until the fourth ecumenical council of Chalcedon (451). Thus, the term "καν paloma ώ ν 'canonical norms do not apply to early fourth century. Only at the Second Ecumenical Synod of Constantinople (381), the word "καν ώ ν" is used to refer to the disciplinary provisions emanating council.
H. Ohme canonists those who fight them, analyzing the Latin text of the translation made by Dionysius Exiguus stated that c
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